2024 Newsletter

Dear Readers,

Welcome to the 21st edition of the APS-DPB newsletter, which covers activities and highlights from calendar year 2024. This issue includes a letter from your chair, Mei Bai, as well as a report of the 2024 DPB awards and fellowships. 

One mission of the DPB is to support our students as they launch their careers. This issue reports on DPB-sponsored travel awards for student attendance at IPAC and USPAS, as well as the IPAC’24 student poster award winners. You will also find a feature article about the NSF Center for Bright Beams, which has introduced many students to the field. 
 
This issue includes a report on IPAC’24, which was co-sponsored by APS and IEEE and held in Nashville, TN. We include a list of upcoming events in 2025 for your convenience.

To keep you up to date with the state of the field, we feature an article on the outcome of the P5 report, which outlines the path forward for high-energy physics in the US. Right after this article, find an introduction to the newly-founded US Higgs Factory Coordination Consortium, as well as call for US input to the European Strategy Process. We also share an article summarizing the R&D needs for light sources based on a recent Basic Needs Research workshop. 

The accelerator field thrives on collaboration as we tackle big challenges to deliver next-generation facilities. On this topic we present articles that discuss the EIC accelerator collaboration, a re-energized US muon collider effort, and the commissioning of the APS-U. Also, do not miss Erik Hosler’s article highlighting the needs of the semiconductor industry and the application of FELs for photolithography. 

Finally, we are excited to share several articles which dive into specific areas of cutting-edge research. Ankur Dhar reports the progress towards the cool-copper collider technology. Paolo Craievich shares the progress at PSI on tuning-free RF, including its application to cavity-based diagnostics. Kevin Brown and Sandra Biedron discuss the rich field of quantum computing and the possible application of storage rings. 

We would like to thank all of our authors for their valuable contributions, and the 2024 APS DPB Executive Committee Members for their input. We also thank Joseph McClain for copy editing services, and the APS editorial office for layout editing. 

As always, don’t hesitate to get in touch with your ideas for future newsletters.

Enjoy,

Kiersten Ruisard, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Jorge Diaz Cruz, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
APS-DPB Newsletter Co-Editors and 2024 Early Career Members-at-large

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Letter From the Chair

Dear APS DPB Members and Colleagues,

As we approach the year end, I’m honored to share some reflections and updates from 2024. Together, we’ve advanced our mission to champion accelerator science and support a vibrant community dedicated to this dynamic field. I want to extend my gratitude to each of you for your membership and active participation. Your engagement ensures the Division of Physics of Beams (DPB) remains a vital platform for recognition, professional growth, and advocacy.

This year, our members continued to make a tremendous impact. Congratulations to the 2024 DPB travel grant recipients who attended the U.S. Particle Accelerator School. Your commitment to advancing accelerator science exemplifies our dedication to fostering growth and learning at every career stage. Special thanks to everyone who presented at the 2024 APS April Meeting, where we celebrated notable achievements, including the Wilson Prize, the DPB Outstanding Ph.D. Thesis Award, and the Ernest Courant Outstanding Paper Recognition. These moments highlight the essential role our division plays in honoring excellence and promoting innovation.

In 2024, we also celebrated the election of new APS Fellows from the DPB. Their contributions underscore the depth and impact of accelerator science and technology. This recognition is only possible through your membership, and I encourage each of you to consider nominating deserving colleagues, especially those whose contributions may go unrecognized.

The DPB executive committee has intensified its efforts this year to grow membership and retain DPB's division status within APS, including collaborating with APS to expand DPB’s presence at the APS March Meeting to reach a broader accelerator user community.

Looking ahead, I’m optimistic about the future of our community. The recent long-term strategic planning efforts in High Energy Physics (HEP) and Basic Energy Sciences (BES) have specifically highlighted the importance of strengthening accelerator science and technology R&D. With renewed efforts to engage early-career scientists and continued advocacy for research funding, we are committed to broadening support for accelerator R&D, both within our division and across APS. Your efforts in sharing the value of APS DPB membership with students, colleagues, and collaborators will help us keep our division strong and growing.

Thank you for making the DPB a home for our community. I look forward to seeing our division grow stronger, with more collaborations and continued progress in the years to come.

Sincerely,

Mei Bai
APS-DPB Chair, 2024

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Become an APS member

Join the APS today and when registering, be sure to sign up for the DPB unit ($10 with APS membership).


Benefits include:

  • Physics Today & APS News delivered monthly, plus weekly physics alerts.
  • Complimentary access to a Physical Review journal, as well as this annual DPB newsletter
  • Reduced registration fees at APS meetings and domestic PACs
  • Eligibility for travel grants and professional honors
  • Job and career development, advocacy, physics education and more
  • Members also have a voice in the DPB, voting for the executive committee and for referenda
  • Access to the DPB members directory


Cost of APS membership with DPB unit:


Undergraduate Students:             $35 ($10 for first year)
Graduate Students:                      $49 ($10 for first year)
Early Career Memberships:         $89
Regular Membership:                   $194
Senior membership:                     $109

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2024 Executive Committee Members

Chair: Mei Bai (01/24–12/24), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Chair-Elect: Soren Prestemon (01/24–12/24), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Vice Chair: Mark Palmer (01/24–12/24), Brookhaven National Laboratory 
Past Chair: Camille Ginsburg (01/24–12/24)
Secretary/Treasurer: William Barletta (01/23–12/25), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Councilor: Bruce Carlsten (01/23–12/26), Los Alamos National Laboratory

Members-at-Large: 
Sandra Biedron (01/22–12/24), Element Aero, the Center for Bright Beams, and the University of New Mexico
Daniel Ratner (01/22–12/24), Stanford University
Kathleen Amm (01/23–12/25), Brookhaven National Laboratory
Sara Casalbuoni (01/23–12/25), European XFEL
Luisella Lari (01/24–12/26), Brookhaven National Laboratory 
Maria Baldini (01/24–12/26), Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory 

Early Career Members-at-Large: 
Kiersten Ruisard (01/23–12/24), Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Jorge Diaz Cruz (01/24–12/25), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

Non-voting Members:
IPAC24 Chair: Fulvia Pilat (9/22 - 9/24)
NPSS/IEEE Representative: Marion White (Argonne) (1/24 - 12/25)
2024 Education, Outreach & Diversity Committee Chair: Nicole Neveu (SLAC)
2024 Publications Committee Chair: Carl Schroeder (LBNL)
2024 Doctoral Research Award Committee (2025 Award) Chair: Sergei Nagaitsev (BNL)
2024 Wilson Prize Committee Chair: B. Lee Roberts (DPF, BU)
2024 Wilson Prize Committee Vice-Chair: Wolfram Fischer (BNL)

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Awards and Fellowships

The Robert R. Wilson Prize for Achievement in the Physics of Particle Accelerators is awarded to Alexander Zholents, for many important contributions to particle accelerators and light sources, including ultra-fast X-ray techniques for electron beams and beam cooling methods.

The Ernest Courant Outstanding Paper Recognition is awarded to Pantaleo Raimondi and Simone Maria Liuzzo, for their paper “Toward a diffraction limited light source”, published in the 26th issue of Physical Review Accelerators and Beams.

The Outstanding Doctoral Thesis Research in Beam Physics Award is given to Minghao Song, for his thesis, “Advanced methods for storage ring nonlinear beam dynamics design and implementation.” Please learn more about Dr. Song here

New APS Fellows in 2024

Giorgio Ambrosio
For outstanding leadership and technical contributions to the design, development, and construction of effective high-field focusing quadrupole magnets based on Nb3Sn technology, enabling the HL-LHC Upgrade.

S. Alex Bogacz
For the development of a broadly adopted novel coupling formalism for accelerators, its application to innovative recirculating linac designs, and leadership in high-energy recirculating linac design for ERLs, muon colliders, and CEBAF upgrades.

Sam Posen
For outstanding contributions to improving the performance of superconducting RF cavities for particle accelerators, including groundbreaking achievements in Nb3Sn superconducting cavities and the development of medium-temperature baking for niobium cavities.

Student Travel Awards

US Particle Accelerator School Student Travel Awards 
Nicole Neveu, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, on behalf of the DPB Education and Outreach Committee

Recipients of DPB travel funds at the Summer 2024 USPAS in Rohnert Park, CA

Recipients of DPB travel funds at the Summer 2024 USPAS in Rohnert Park, CA

 
Since 2019, the DPB has provided a scholarship program for both domestic and international students attending the US Particle Accelerator School (USPAS). This travel grant is aimed at advancing the education of newcomers in the broad spectrum of Beam Physics. The APS DPB Executive Committee and the Education, Outreach, and Diversity Committee actively promote and implement this program. 

12 travel awards were granted for both the Summer 2024 and Winter 2025 sessions. These accomplished students represent a diverse array of backgrounds, contributing to the program's richness and inclusivity. For more details of the program, please refer to https://uspas.fnal.gov/dpbscholarshipdetails.pdf

IPAC24 student travel awards
Kiersten Ruisard, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, on behalf of the IPAC Americas Region Grant Committee

The DPB annually funds student travel to IPACs and NAPACs. For IPAC’24 in Nashville, these  funds directly supported the transportation and per diem expenses of 27 students. The student grant program is a long-standing and valued resource that promotes student participation at conferences, particularly when travel budgets are tight. We thank APS-DPB for their longstanding support of this program!

IPAC’24 Poster Awards

Four students were recognized for their quality of work and presentation, as evaluated during the IPAC’24 student poster session. Winners received an award of $500 as well as a copy of Andrei Seryi’s book, “Unifying Physics of Accelerators, Lasers and Plasma.” (The poster prizes were not sponsored by DPB). A photograph of the award winners can be found in “Highlights of IPAC’24.” The poster titles and abstracts for the winners are listed below:

Elena Ros, for her poster “Simulations of CXFEL with the MITHRA code”

The CXFEL project at ASU will produce coherent soft x-ray radiation at a university-scale facility. Unlike conventional XFELs, the CXFEL will use an optical undulator in addition to nanobunching the electron beam instead of a static magnetic undulator. This reduces the undulator period from cm-scale to micron scale and lowers the requirements on the electron beam energy. CXFEL’s overtaking geometry design reduces the effective undulator period to 7.86 μm to produce 1 keV photons. This is accomplished by crossing the laser and electron beam at a 30 degree overtaking angle, and using a tilted laser pulse front to maintain temporal overlap between the electron beam and laser pulse. The inverse Compton scattering interaction between a microbunched electron beam and an optical undulator falls out of the range of most accelerator codes. We employ MITHRA, a FEL full-wave FDTD solver software package which includes inverse Compton scattering to simulate the FEL lasing process. We have adapted the code to the CXFEL instrument design to simulate the radiation/electron beam interactions and report results of studies including scaling of key parameters.

Hannah Hu, for her poster “Decoupling of Nitrogen and Oxygen Impurities in Nitrogen Doped SRF Cavities”

The performance of superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavities is critical to enabling the next generation of efficient, high-energy particle accelerators. Recent developments have focused on altering the surface impurity profile through in-situ baking, furnace baking, and doping to introduce and diffuse beneficial impurities such as nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon. However, the precise role and properties of each impurity are not well understood. In this work, we attempt to disentangle the role of oxygen and nitrogen impurities through time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry of niobium samples baked at temperatures varying from 75-800 C with and without nitrogen injection. From these results, we developed treatments recipe that decouple the effects of oxygen and nitrogen in doping treatments. Understanding how these impurities and their underlying mechanisms drive further optimization in the tailoring of impurity profiles for high performing SRF cavities.

Madison Howard, for her poster, “Optimizing current density measurements for intense low beta electron beams”

The cathode test stand at LANL is utilized to test velvet emitters over pulse durations of up to 2.5µs. Diode voltages range from 120kV to 275kV and extracted currents exceed 25A and depend on cathode size and pulse duration. Current density measurements taken with scintillators or Cherenkov emitters produce inconsistent patterns that disagree with the anticipated beam profile. Several factors contribute to the measured beam distribution, such as electron scatter, X-ray scatter, and Snell’s law. Here, we present a range of experiments designed to evaluate both electron scatter and Cherenkov emission limits in efforts to optimize current density measurements.  For electron ranging studies, metal foils of different densities and thicknesses are coupled with a scintillator, which is then imaged with an ICCD. Similarly, Cherenkov emission and Snell’s law are investigated through imaging materials with differing indices of refraction over a range of beam energies. MCNP6® modeling is utilized to further guide and evaluate these experimental measurements.

Jan-Magnus Christmann for his poster, “Findings of simulation studies for the fast corrector magnets of PETRA IV”

Fourth-generation synchrotron radiation sources, which are currently being planned in several accelerator laboratories, require fast orbit feedback systems to correct distortions in the particle orbit and thus meet stringent stability requirements. Such feedback systems feature corrector magnets powered at frequencies up to the kilo-hertz range, giving rise to strong eddy currents. To understand the eddy current effects and the characteristics of these fast corrector magnets, elaborate finite element simulations must be conducted. This paper gives an overview of the most important findings of our simulation studies for the fast corrector magnets of the future synchrotron radiation source PETRA IV at DESY, Hamburg, Germany. Using a homogenization technique for the laminated yokes, we simulate the magnets over a wide frequency range. We investigate the integrated transfer function of the magnets and the phase shift between the field in the aperture and the current in the coils.We show the impact of different material choices for the yoke, of various beam pipe layouts, and of the cross-talk with the neighboring quadrupoles. By presenting a concise summary of our findings, we aim to bring valuable insights to researchers working on fast orbit feedback systems for the next generation of synchrotron light sources.

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Upcoming Events in 2025

Below are some upcoming workshops, conferences and schools that may be of interest to our readers. If you would like an event to be featured in future issues, please contact a member of the DPB Executive Committee.

Conferences:

Workshops and Meetings: 

Schools:

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In Memoriam

Mats Lindroos (1961 - 2024)
A CERN scientist for many years. As an early member of the ESS collaboration, he led the development of the ESS accelerator division. 
https://europeanspallationsource.se/article/2024/05/06/mats-lindroos-1961-2024 

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The Particle Physics Prioritization Panel (P5) Report and Accelerator Development

Cameron Geddes, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Illustration by Olena Shmahalo for U.S. Particle PhysicsIllustration by Olena Shmahalo for U.S. Particle Physics

The much-anticipated 2023 Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) Report presents a vision for US particle physics that builds on recent investments and successes, while opening pathways to innovation and discovery. These have the potential to open a new era of insight and discovery in the fundamental physics of the smallest constituents of our universe, as well as how their properties imprint on its large-scale structure.

The P5 report outlines a 10-year strategic plan in the context of a 20-year vision addressing where the field of particle physics should go and how to get there in a budget-conscious plan. The report builds on the community input of the Snowmass community study process (2022 newsletter), as well as P5 town hall events that included a strong accelerator component. Five specific science drivers were identified, most of which rely on unique beams, leveraging recent advances in particle accelerators, ranging from new records in RadioFrequency (RF) gradient to novel high field magnets and beyond. Achieving physics goals beyond this decade will require transformational advances in the capabilities of accelerators.

This motivates a combination of general and collider-targeted R&D, along with projects and investment in the Fermilab complex. Expansion of the General Accelerator R&D program within HEP is envisioned to drive the innovation required to meet the increasing demands on accelerator capacity, performance, efficiency and cost. At the same time, a program of targeted collider R&D is envisioned to translate advancements in detector and accelerator technology into plans for collider facilities. It will develop plans for a near-term Higgs factory and address needs for a collider at 10 TeV per parton (10 TeV pCM) for particle physics studies ranging from precision Higgs self-interaction, to new spinless particles, to testing of WIMP theories and others. Experiments and test facilities should be used to develop general technology and targeted methods to reduce cost and risk, guided by collider R&D and simulations. Decisions on a Higgs factory project, major test and demonstrator facilities, and Fermilab complex plans are envisioned via a panel this decade. If funding is available, broad accelerator science and technology development at both DOE and NSF, including partnerships, also has great potential.

The highest P5 priority is to complete projects and support operations of ongoing experiments and research to enable maximum science. Accelerator projects include the High Luminosity Upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider, and the PIP-II project supporting the first phase of the DUNE experiment. Enabled by advances in superconducting magnets, RF structures, and high intensity beam dynamics and control among other accelerator fields, these projects are positioned to enable the next generation of collider and neutrino physics respectively.

New initiatives are poised to transform our understanding. A second phase of DUNE, including ACE-MIRT, an enhanced 2.1 MW accelerator with very high beam intensity, will be the definitive long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment of its kind.

An offshore e+e- Higgs factory at a fraction of a TeV, in collaboration with international partners, will open up the secrets of the Higgs boson and its interactions; FCC-ee and ILC meet the needs. It is important for the US to actively engage in feasibility and design studies, and to develop the required technologies. Once a specific project is deemed feasible and well-defined (envisioned in the five-year time frame) we should aim for a contribution commensurate with our involvement in the LHC. To facilitate this, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is starting a nationally coordinated U.S. Higgs Factory Coordination Consortium for Accelerators (HFCC-A) to provide strategic direction and leadership for the U.S. community to engage, and a US-CERN joint statement of intent has been issued on FCC collaboration.

Work is required this decade to develop the resources essential to the future of the field, including vigorous R&D toward a cost-effective 10 TeV pCM collider that could be based on proton, muon or possible wakefield technologies. A 10 TeV collider places stringent demands on accelerator performance, efficiency and precision, and there is not a mature technology. While this collider would be beyond the next decade, its timely realization motivates development of technologies for each option under general R&D as well as targeted collider R&D to guide development and evaluation of options for US siting of such a machine. Readiness to build major test and demonstrator facilities within the next 10 years is a goal towards proving technical elements and preparing for a future project.

In parallel, plans for the future of the Fermilab complex should be developed supporting neutrino and flavor physics, as well as 10 TeV collider options consistent with the long-term vision of the report.

It is an exciting time in accelerator science, with major facilities nearing completion while advances in R&D continue to extend the possibilities of particle physics (and of broad applications) including the possibility of discovery at the 10 TeV pCM scale. Realizing this will require a strong workforce seeded by university and training programs and by R&D, and by a strong community fostered by work to broaden engagement and steward ethical conduct in the field. Global investment in accelerator-related technologies has increased dramatically over the last decade reflecting the broad importance of the field to endeavors ranging from scientific and technical capabilities to health. The community, in partnership with DOE-HEP as well as NSF and other offices and agencies, has an opportunity to lead the accelerator development that will open these frontiers while delivering broader benefits across science and society.

2023 Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel in Denver, August 2023. Photograph by Rowena Smith.

2023 Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel in Denver, August 2023. Photograph by Rowena Smith.

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Introducing the Higgs Factory Coordination Consortium - Accelerator

Tor Raubenheimer, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Steve Gourlay, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Matthias Liepe, Cornell University, and Jean-Luc Vay, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

As described in the previous article, the 2023 Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) Report has been released and describes a path for the US to collaborate on an off-shore Higgs Factory.  Although additional concepts may be generated, there are two proposals that are well studied and under consideration: the FCC-ee at CERN and the ILC in Japan.  If constructed, such an accelerator will be one of the largest research facilities ever built!

To help the US accelerator community engage in the collider design, the US DOE Office of HEP created the US Higgs Factory Coordination Consortium (HFCC) with two steering groups: one for Physics, Experiments, and Detector (PED) and one for Accelerators (A).  The goals of both groups are to coordinate and encourage national R&D efforts for an e+/e- Higgs factory and develop the pre-project R&D scope that will be required to initiate a project (the full charge can be seen here).

The structure of the accelerator steering committee (HFSC-A) is illustrated below and consists of Steve Gourlay (FNAL - deputy chair), Matthias Liepe (Cornell), Tor Raubenheimer (SLAC - chair), and Jean-Luc Vay (LBNL) with the Level-2 appointments in process.  Over the next few months, we will be working with Higgs Factory accelerator collaborations to identify high profile topics on which the US can take leadership, encouraging R&D efforts that build the US R&D capability while delivering for the collaborations, and working with industry to understand how they could support any large contribution to a Higgs Factory project. 

Updates will be posted to the US HFSC-A website: https://higgsfactory.slac.stanford.edu or you can join a specific mailing list for the HFSC-A (instructions below).  Alternatively, depending on interest, you can join one of the general HFCC mailing lists: us-fcc@cern.ch or us-lc@cern.ch.

Joining the US-HFCC-ACC mailing list

Since November 2008, you must sign in with a CERN account in order to apply for membership. When accessing the CERN Single Sign-On page

  • If you have a CERN account, use it
  • If you have a Guest (External) account, click "External Email - Guest Access" and use it
  • If you don't have a Guest (External) account, click "External Email - Guest Access" then click "Register" to create one
  • Please proceed with the application process to US-HFCC-ACC.

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Call for US input to the European Strategy Process

Reprinted with permission from the DPF November 2024 newsletter

CERN has launched the process for an update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics.  They have called for input to this process, with white papers due in March of 2025. The European Strategy call for input is here and the overall process is described here.

The DPF executive committee has traditionally submitted a summary document as part of this process and will be organizing input over the next month but we encourage all contributors to US HEP efforts to also submit their own white-papers directly to the European Strategy. If you have questions about the process, please contact dpfstrategy@fnal.gov.

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