Dear Colleagues,
"Transformative discovery in science is driven by innovation in technology. Our boldest undertakings in particle physics have at their foundation precision instrumentation. To reveal the profound connections underlying everything we see from the smallest scales to the largest distances in the Universe, to understand its fundamental constituents, and to reveal what is still unknown, we must invent, develop, and deploy advanced instrumentation."
The goal of the BRN study was to assess the present status of the HEP physics and technology landscape, and to identify strategic technology areas, aligned with the strengths of the US community, that future long-term R&D efforts should focus on in pursuit of the HEP science drivers identified in the P5 report. The BRN structure consisted of five Physics Panels one for each of the five P5 Science Drivers: the Higgs as a tool for discovery, the physics of neutrino mass, the new physics of dark matter, cosmic acceleration: inflation and dark energy, and exploring the unknown: new particles, new interactions and physical principles; and seven Technology Panels in alphabetical order: Calorimetry, Nobel Liquids, Photodetectors, Quantum Sensors, Readout and ASICs, Solid State (including vertexing and tracking), and Trigger and Data Acquisition (including Machine Learning). Each Physics Panel identified the physics objectives associated with the current status of the Science Driver and the Technical Requirements to meet them. Each Technology Panel determined Priority Research Directions to meet the Technical Requirements together with research plans and infrastructure needs, to push the technology well beyond the current state of the art, i.e. high-risk high-reward (“Blue Sky”) R&D, potentially leading to transformative advances with broad-ranging applicability in HEP as well as to other fields of science, medicine, and national security, and taking full advantage of the major advances happening in materials science, photonics, nanotechnology, and QIS, as well as innovations in the commercial sector such as in microelectronics and telecommunications. A Cross-cut Panel identified connections and synergies between and across the physics and technology areas as well as foundational issues for the field. Furthermore, the study identified a small set of high-impact instrumentation “Grand Challenges” where technological breakthroughs could lead to game-changing experimental capabilities in pursuit of HEP science goals.
Executing the research plans outlined in the report will only be possible on the foundation of a diverse, highly trained, and advanced workforce, access to unique capabilities and facilities, deep connections to the programs of other offices in DOE, other federal agencies, commercial partners, and global collaborations.
The Basic Research Needs (BRN) Study on HEP Detector Research and Development (R&D) was announced by DOE HEP at the American Physical Society Division of Particles and Fields meeting in Boston, July 29-August 2, 2019. In September regular telecons began to conduct the ground work for a productive and conclusive workshop in December that would lead to a report that is an articulation of the essential enabling power of instrumentation to deliver the U.S. High Energy Physics program in a global context over the next twenty years.
A hallmark of the BRN Study was the very close interaction with the HEP community. The initial community input to the BRN Study was the DPF Coordinating Panel on Advanced Detectors (CPAD) 2018 Report
“New Technologies for Discovery”. During the fall BRN Panels engaged in outreach to the relevant communities. This led in some cases to small targeted workshops.
A BRN website provided email addresses of the conveners and co-Chairs and we encouraged the community to contact any convener or the co-Chairs with comments, ideas, suggestions or questions. The website also had portals to communicate with the BRN Study. In addition, many BRN Study members attended the
CPAD Workshop in Madison, Wisconsin December 8-10, 2019 where each BRN Panel gave a plenary status report and there were town halls and other fora for community input and dialog with the BRN process.
The report took its final shape at a
BRN Workshop in December 11-14, 2019 in the Washington D.C. area. The workshop was attended by all 66 BRN Study members and a number of observers: Program Managers from DOE HEP and related programs, and from NSF. The plenary talks on the first day were live-streamed to the community.
After the workshop BRN Study members continued to work on the report. A draft was circulated to designated readers and feedback was incorporated before transmission to
HEPAP in July, 2020.
Many people contributed at various stages of the Basics Research Needs study that led to this report. We are grateful to those who played roles beyond the report authors. We acknowledge with gratitude the 142 additional contributors - members of the particle physics community who contributed their time and ideas to the BRN study in the months leading up to the BRN workshop. Their names appear at the end of this email. The Report's designated readers gave us critical feedback and provided fact checking during the final stages of preparation. Many thanks for this to Dan Akerib (SLAC National Laboratory), Myron Campbell (University of Michigan), Andy Lankford (University of California Irvine), Ritchie Patterson (Cornell University), Steve Ritz (University of California Santa Cruz) and Heidi Schellman (Oregon State University). Our report benefited enormously from professional editing assistance by Tiffani Conner, (Oak Ridge Associated Universities). DOE staff and contractors were always responsive to logistical requests. We especially thank Christie Ashton and Donna Nevels who provided outstandingly professional support at the workshop and contributed importantly to the immensely positive and constructive atmosphere that was highly conducive to productivity.
The P5 program pushes the frontiers of science into new territory. To explore this territory HEP will soon embark on planning the next generation of experiments. Realizing these experiments will require giant leaps in capabilities beyond the instrumentation of today. Accordingly, now is a pivotal moment to invest in the accelerated development of cost-effective instrumentation with greatly improved sensitivity and performance that will make measurable the unmeasurable, enabling a tool-driven revolution to open the door to future discoveries. Historic scientific opportunities await us, enabled by executing the instrumentation research plans outlined in this report.
Onward and upward!
The Basic Research Needs for High Energy Physics Detector R&D Study Panels
co-Chairs: Bonnie Fleming (Yale University) & Ian Shipsey (Oxford University)
Cross-Cut Panel
Marcel Demarteau (Oak Ridge National Laboratory)
James Fast (Thomas Jefferson National Laboratory)
Sunil Golwala (California Institute of Technology)
Young-Kee Kim (University of Chicago)
Abraham Seiden (University of California Santa Cruz)
Panel Leads
Energy Frontier: James Hirschauer (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory) & Gabriella Sciolla (Brandeis University)
Neutrinos: Ornella Palamara (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory) & Kate Scholberg (Duke University)
Dark Matter: Jodi Cooley (Southern Methodist University) & Dan McKinsey (University of California, Berkeley)
Cosmic Acceleration: Clarence Chang (Argonne National Laboratory) & Brenna Flaugher ( Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory)
Explore the Unknown: Sarah Demers (Yale University) & Monica Pepe-Altarelli (CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Calorimetry: Francesco Lanni (Brookhaven National Laboratory) & Roger Rusack (University of Minnesota)
Noble Liquids: Roxanne Guenette (Harvard University) & Jocelyn Monroe (Royal Holloway, University of London)
Photodetectors: Lindley Winslow (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) & Peter Krizan (University of Ljubljana and JSI, Ljubljana)
Quantum Sensors: Andrew Geraci (Northwestern University) & Kent Irwin (Stanford University)
Readout & ASICs: Gabriella Carini (Brookhaven National Laboratory) & Mitch Newcomer (University of Pennsylvania)
Solid State: Marina Artuso (Syracuse University) & Carl Haber (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)
TDAQ: Darin Acosta (University of Florida) & Tulika Bose (University of Wisconsin, Madison)
Panel Members
Energy Frontier: Michael Begel (Brookhaven National Laboratory) & Meenakshi Narain (Brown University)
Neutrinos: Daniel Dwyer (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) & Amy Connolly (The Ohio State University)
Dark Matter: Andrew Sonnenschein (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory) & Reyco Henning (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill)
Dark Energy: Kyle Dawson (University of Utah) & Laura Newburgh (Yale University)
Explore the Unknown: Matthew Reece (Harvard University) & Nicola Serra (Universität Zürich)
Calorimetry: Nural Akchurin (Texas Tech University), Sarah Eno (University of Maryland),
Paolo Rumerio (University of Alabama) & Renyuan Zhu (California Institute of Technology)
Noble Liquids: Jennifer Raaf (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), Andrea Pocar (University of Massachusetts),
Jonathan Asaadi (University of Texas at Arlington) & Hugh Lippincott University of California, Santa Barbara)
Photodetectors: Graham Giovanetti (Williams College), Adriana Lita (National Institute for Standards and Technology),
& Felix Sefkow (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron)
Quantum Sensors: Gretchen Campbell (Joint Quantum Institute & University of Maryland), Alexander Sushkov (Boston University),
Ronald Walsworth (Harvard University) & Anna Grassellino (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory)
Readout & ASICs: Angelo Dragone (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory), Maurice Garcia-Sciveres (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory),
Terri Shaw (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory) & Julia Thom-Levy (Cornell University)
Solid State: Alessandro Tricoli (Brookhaven National Laboratory) & Petra Merkel (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory)
Trigger and Data Acquisition: Wesley Ketchum (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), Jinlong Zhang (Argonne National Laboratory),
Paul O'Connor (Brookhaven National Laboratory) & Georgia Karagiorgi (Columbia University)
Additional Contributors
In addition to the members of the BRN Panel many other members of the particle physics community contributed their time and ideas to the BRN study in the months leading up to the workshop. We acknowledge with gratitude:
Energy Frontier: A. Apresyan (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), J. Brau (University of Oregon), M. Breidenbach (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory), S. Eno (University of Maryland), Z. Liu (University of Maryland), A. Tricoli (Brookhaven National Laboratory).
Neutrinos:
P. Barbeau (Duke University), F. Cavanna (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), A. de Gouvea (Northwestern University), R. Harnik (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), B. Littlejohn (Illinois Institute of Technology), G. Karagiorgi (Columbia University), J. Klein (University of Pennsylvania), P. Machado (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), S. Magill (Argonne National Laboratory), P. Ochoa-Ricoux (University of California, Irvine), G. Orebi Gann (University of California, Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), R. Petti (University of South Carolina), G. Rich (University of Chicago), A. Romero-Wolf (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Caltech), F. Sanchez (University of Geneva), P. Shanahan (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), N. Solomey (Wichita State University), G. Wang (Argonne National Laboratory), E. Worcester (Brookhaven National Laboratory), K. Yonehara (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory).
Dark Matter: A. Albert (Los Alamos National Laboratory), J. Buckley (University of Washington), G.P. Carosi (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), A. Chou (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), P. Chu (Los Alamos National Laboratory), E. Dahl (Northwestern University), B. Dingus (Los Alamos National Laboratory), J. Estrada (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), C. Galbiati (Princeton University), D. Grant (Michigan State University), C. Hall (University of Maryland), N. Kurinsky (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), K. Lesko (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), J. Orrell(Pacific Northwest National Laboratory), M. Pyle (University of California, Berkeley), J. Tieffenberg (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), C. Tunnell (Rice University), T.T. Yu (University of Oregon).
Cosmic Acceleration: E. Krause (University of Arizona), E. Shirokoff (University of Chicago), A. Slosar (Brookhaven National Laboratory).
Explore the Unknown: J.M. Doyle (Harvard University), N.R. Hutzler (California Institute of Technology and Harvard University), T.M. Ito (Los Alamos National Laboratory), A. Jayich (University of California Santa Barbara), E.J. Stephenson (Indiana University), P. Collins (CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research), F. Forti (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pisa and Universita’ di Pisa), A. Golutvin (Imperial College London and National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”), M. Williams (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), A. Ceccucci (CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research), P.A. Murat (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), G. Pezzullo (Yale University).
Calorimetry: M. Aleska (CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research), T. Andeen (The University of Texas at Austin), A. Apresyan (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), F. Bedeschi (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa), A. Belloni (The University of Maryland), J.Brau (The University of Oregon),
M. Breidenbach (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory), S. Derenzo (University of California, Berkeley), V. Fadeyev (University of California, Santa Cruz), R. Ferari (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pavia and Universita di Pavia), G. Gaudio (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pavia and Universita di Pavia),
P. Giacomelli (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna), R. Hirosky (The University of Virginia), D.Hitlin (Caltech), T. Kolberg (The Florida State University),
P. Lecoq (CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research), H. Ma (Brookhaven National Laboratory), M. Mannelli (CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research), C. Melcher (The University of Tennessee, Knoxville), A. Para (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), L. Pezotti (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pavia and Universita di Pavia), A. Tricoli (Brookhaven National Laboratory), C. Woody (Brookhaven National Laboratory).
Noble Liquids: R. Acciarri (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), N. Bostan (University of Iowa), F. Cavanna (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), S. Charlebois (University of Sherbrooke), E. Dahl (Northwestern University), C. O. Escobar (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), A. Fava (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), C. Galbiati (Princeton University), C. Hall (University of Maryland), B.J.P. Jones (University of Texas at Arlington), S. Kravitz (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), R. Lang (Purdue University), K. Lesko (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), B. Littlejohn (Illinois Institute of Technology), D. McKinsey (University of California, Berkeley & Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), C. S. Montanari (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), H. Nelson (University California, Santa Barbara), K. Ni (University of California, San Diego), X. Qian (Brookhaven National Laboratory), P. C. Rowson (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory), M. Szydagis (State University of New York at Albany), C. Tunnell (Rice University), G. Visser (Indiana University), C. Zhang (Brookhaven National Laboratory).
Photodetectors: S. Cho (Stanford University), A. Elagin (University of Chicago), R. Hirosky (University of Virginia), D. Hitlin (Caltech), S. Korpar (University of Maribor and JSI, Ljubljana), S.W. Nam (NIST), C. Rockosi (University of California, Santa Cruz), J. Xie (Argonne National Laboratory).
Quantum Sensors: D. Jackson-Kimball (California State University, East Bay), C. Regal (JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder), K. Murch (Washington University, Saint Louis), S. Singh (University of Delaware), D. DeMille (Yale University), Y. Kahn (University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign), T. Kovachy (Northwestern University), N. Hutlzer (Caltech), H. Haffner (University of California, Berkeley).
Readout & ASICs: T. Affolder (University of California, Santa Cruz), G. Deptuch (Brookhaven National Laboratory), G. Drake (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), C. Grace (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), W. Hansford (IMEC-USA), J. Cressler (Georgia Institute of Technology), P. Merkel (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), P. O'connor (Brookhaven National Laboratory), A. Suzuki (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory).
Solid State: R. Brenner (University of Uppsala), V. Fadeyev (University of California, Santa Cruz), T. Heim (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), S.C. Hsu (University of Washington), K. Krizka (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), J. Metcalfe (Argonne National Laboratory), S. Seidel (University of New Mexico, Albuquerque), D.Stuart (University of California, Santa Barbara), C. da Via (University of Manchester & State University of New York at Stony Brook).
Trigger and Data Acquisition: K. Chen (Brookhaven National Laboratory), K. Ecklund (Rice University), J. Eisch (Iowa State University), P. Harris (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), M. Liu (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), I. Ojalvo (Princeton University), A. Slosar (Brookhaven National Laboratory), N. Tran (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), M. Wetstein (Iowa State University), M. Williams (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), P. Wittich (Cornell University).